机器翻译字幕仅供参考
全新世结束了我们现在的工作 the holocene has ended what we do now
在接下来的几年里 and in the next few years will
深深地影响着接下来的几千年 profoundly affect the next few thousand year
现代人类唯一的条件 the only conditions modern humans have
迄今为止所知 ever known so far
而且变化很快 and changing fast
在这个星球上的日子是一样的 day is the same on this planet
一切都在改变地球 everything changes the earth is going
在其中一次跳跃中 你没有 into one of these jumps and you don't
知道另一边会是什么 know what is gonna be on the other side
那些跳跃 of those jumps
地球总是在跳跃 the earth is always jumping
最温暖星球 warmest planet
事情不是静止的 things are not still
一切都在好转 everything is turning
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当他开始耗尽燃料时 太阳 as he begins to run out of fuel the Sun
不会简单的消失 won't simply fade away to nothing its
堆芯会坍塌 多余的热量 core will collapse and the extra heat
这将导致其外部 this generates will cause its outer
要展开的层 layers to expand
太阳已经死了 the Sun is now dead
它在 it remains slowly cooling in the
深空冻结温度 freezing temperatures of deep space
[音乐] [Music]
太阳的命运和 the fate of the Sun is the same as for
全明星总有一天他们必须 all stars one day they must all
最终在宇宙中死亡 eventually die in the cosmos will be
进入永恒的夜晚 所有的星星 plunged into eternal night all stars
最终会耗尽燃料 eventually will run out of fuel the
宇宙温度下降 temperature of the universe drops the
星星一颗接一颗地对着夜空 stars one by one to the night sky
不会再有新的星星出现了 and there'd be no more new stars created
这样宇宙就不会结束 and so that the universe will end not
砰的一声 with a bang but
不在火里很好 and not in fire nice
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没有燃料可以燃烧白色 with no fuel left to burn a white
矮人微弱的光芒来自最后 dwarves faint glow comes from the last
熄灭后的余热 residual heat from its extinguished
熔·炉 furnace
[音乐] [Music]
从地球的位置看 looking at it from where the earth is
现在它只会产生同样的结果 now it would only generate the same
月圆时的光量 amount of light as the full moon on a
晴朗的夜晚 clear night
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白墙的微光将 the faint glow of whitewalls will
在黑暗中提供唯一的照明 provide the only illumination in a dark
空空荡荡 星空凋零 and empty void littered with dead stars
黑洞 and black holes
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在某些方面 它有点像鬼魂 in some ways it's kind of a ghost
宇宙是尸体是僵尸 universe it's the corpses the zombie
将带我们进入未来的星星 stars that will take us into the future
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黑矮人将是 a black dwarf will be the final fate of
那些最后的星星 白矮星 those last stars white dwarves that have
变得如此寒冷以至于它们几乎不发出任何 become so cold that they barely emit any
更热或更轻 more heat or light
黑矮人是一个暗而密的腐朽体 black dwarves a dark dense decaying
退化物质球 balls of degenerate matter
不仅仅是星星的灰烬 more than the ashes of stars their
组成原子非常严重 constituent atoms are so severely
粉碎了那个黑矮人是一百万 crushed that black dwarves are a million
比太阳密度大几倍 times denser than our Sun
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星星要花很长时间才能到达这一点 stars take so long to reach this point
我们相信现在没有黑人 we believe there are currently no black
宇宙中的矮人 dwarves in the universe
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我们的生活节奏是基于 we have a pace of life that's based on
真的 我们现在可以利用的能量 really the energy available to us now
你可以想象清醒的生活 you could imagine living conscious
速度完全不同的系统 systems which have a very different pace
因此可以延伸出至少一个 and therefore can extend out at least a
比你想象的要远得多 lot farther than you'd imagine otherwise
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你可以有一个生活系统 如果 you could have a living system where if
每10万亿年就有一个想法 it had a thought every 10 trillion years
那看起来很正常 that would seem normal
即使我们的生命终结了 even if our life dies out one could
想象一下 在某个时间 任意地远离 imagine at some time arbitrarily far in
未来会发生波动 the future a fluctuation occurs
智慧生命的存在开始于 intelligent life to exist began for the
[音乐] [Music]
一个质子或一个基本的 a proton or one of the fundamental
原子物质的组成部分什么 building blocks of atomic matter what
让我们振作起来就可以自然而然地倒下 makes us up can just spontaneously fall
把任何不受拉的东西分开 apart any material that evades the pull
黑洞最终消失 of a black hole eventually dies away as
它的质子分解 its protons disintegrate
[音乐] [Music]
黑矮星内部的物质使最后一颗矮星相形见绌 the matter inside black dwarves the last
宇宙中的物质最终会 matter in the universe will eventually
蒸发掉 evaporate away
以辐射的形式进入太空 carried off into the void as radiation
绝对离开 leaving absolutely
后面 behind
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黑矮人走了 with the black dwarves gone
物质中不会有一个原子 there won't be a single atom of matter
离开了我们的一切 left all that will remain of our once
丰富的宇宙将是光的粒子 rich cosmos will be particles of light
黑洞 and black holes
[音乐] [Music]
哦 Oh
[音乐] [Music]
时间之箭 the arrow of time
在 creates a bright window in the
宇宙的青春期 universe's adolescence during which life
是可能的 is possible
但这是一扇开不开的窗户 but it's a window that doesn't stay open
长期 for long
作为生命周期的一部分 as a fraction of the lifespan of the
从一开始就测量的宇宙 universe as measured from its beginning
最后一片黑的蒸发 to the evaporation of the last black
我们所知道的空穴生命只有可能 hole life as we know it is only possible
十亿分之一 for one thousandth of a billion billion
十亿分之十亿 billionth billion billion billionth
十亿分之一 billion billion billionth of a percent
黑洞成为基础 black holes become the fundamental
宇宙的积木 building block of the universe
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一个星系基本上是 a galaxy will basically be a
中心超大质量黑洞 supermassive black hole in the center
有较小的黑洞在轨道上运行 with smaller black holes orbiting
[音乐] [Music]
充满黑洞的僵尸星系 zombie galaxies filled with black holes
继续发展 continued to evolve
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他们会互相领导 they'll lead each other and they'll get
也许他们会爱上超人 maybe they'll fall into the supermassive
黑洞会变得更大 black hole and it'll get bigger the
宇宙仍将是一个令人兴奋的 universe will still be an exciting
动态的地方只是时间 dynamic place it's just that the time
你说的天平现在是 scales you're talking about are now
几万亿年而不是几千年 trillions of years instead of thousands
或数百万年 or millions of years
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黑洞可以像在时空中爆炸一样 black holes can bang on space-time like
鼓槌 mallets on a drum
有一首很有特色的歌 and have a very characteristic song
[音乐] [Music]
对黑洞的魔法 magic to black holes that have lived a
共同长寿 long life together
在他们生命的尽头 at the end of their lives are going
在彼此周围穿越数千 around each other crossing thousands of
不到一秒钟的公里数 kilometers in a fraction of a second
当他们这样做的时候 他们留在那里 as they do so they leave behind in there
空间的铃声 真正的波浪 a ringing of space an actual wave on
时空 space-time
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空间挤压和伸展 space squeezes and stretches as it
从这些黑洞散发出来 emanates out from these black holes
撞击宇宙 banging on the universe
[音乐] [Music]
这些是引力波 those are the gravitational waves are
从字面上看太空的声音 literally the sounds of space ringing
他们会从这里出发 and they will travel out from these
光速下的黑洞 black holes at the speed of light as
他们是 they were
-一个旋转的飞行黑洞如果你 - one spinning flying black hole if you
站得离你耳朵够近 were standing near enough your ear would
与挤压产生共鸣 resonate with the squeezing and
空间的延伸 stretching of space
[音乐] [Music]
想象一个更轻的黑洞坠落 imagine a lighter black hole falling
变成一个很重的黑板 into a very heavy blackboard
声音在听 the sounds are hearing
[音乐] [Music]
每次关门 each time it gets closed
[音乐] [Music]
掉进去越快 Falls in it gets faster and it gets
大声点 louder
科学家过去认为黑洞 scientists used to think black holes
是不朽的 但即使有一天 were immortal but even these one day die
现在我们讨论的是 now we're talking about timescales of
无法想象的长度 但数万亿 unimaginable length but trillions of
未来几年的时间尺度 years into the future on that time scale
甚至黑洞也开始蒸发 even the black holes begin to evaporate
[音乐] [Music]
根据量子力学 空间是 according to quantum mechanics space is
充满了虚拟粒子和 filled with virtual particles and
持续存在的反粒子 antiparticles that are constantly
成对物化分离来 materializing in pairs separating coming
再次在一起 消灭每一个 together again and annihilating each
另一个在黑洞中 other in the presence of a black hole
一对虚拟的一个成员 one member of a pair of virtual
颗粒可能掉进洞里 留下 particles may fall into the hole leaving
没有合伙人的其他成员 the other member without a partner with
去消灭物质 which to annihilate the physical
粒子似乎是辐射 particle appears to be radiation emitted
在黑洞旁边 所以黑洞是 by the black hole and so black holes are
不是内部的 它们在 not internal they evaporate away at an
增加速度直到它们消失在 increasing rate until they vanish in a
巨大的爆炸力学已经允许 gigantic explosion mechanics has allowed
要逃离的粒子和辐射 particles and radiation to escape from
终极监狱黑洞 the ultimate prison a black hole
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哲学家和诗人曾问 philosophers and poets have asked the
问题是 世界会终结 还是会毁灭 question will the world end and fire or
冰 我们现在可以给出最新的答案 ice we can now give an answer the latest
有证据表明宇宙不是 evidence shows that the universe is not
减速但它在加速 slowing down but it's speeding up
[掌声] [Applause]
我们认为会有的宇宙 the universe we think will
在冰上 几万亿年 in ice trillions upon trillions of years
[掌声] [Applause]
空虚的空间本身在每一个 empty space itself has energy in every
小立方厘米空间 little cubic centimeter of space whether
不管他们的东西是否 or not their stuff whether or not
有粒子物质辐射或 there's particles matter radiation or
无论什么东西 即使在 whatever there is still energy even in
空间本身 the space itself
根据爱因斯坦的说法 and this energy according to Einstein
对宇宙施加压力 exerts a push on the universe
什么是奇怪的东西 what is the weird stuff that's
加速我们称之为的宇宙 accelerating the universe we call it
暗能量 dark energy
这东西是 and this stuff is the dominant stuff of
宇宙几乎是物质的3 4 the universe almost 3/4 of the matter
宇宙的能量含量是这样的 energy content of the universe is this
暗能量 我们不知道它是什么 dark energy and we don't know what it is
不同于物质辐照的电弧能量 the arc energy unlike matter irradiation
不会像宇宙一样稀释 does not dilute away as the universe
扩展这一点具有重要意义 expands this has crucial implications
因为宇宙将要做什么 for what the universe is going to do in
未来 the future
那么未来的 so what will be the future of the
宇宙 universe
如果暗能量仍然占主导地位 well if the dark energy remains dominant
而令人厌恶的是 宇宙将会膨胀 and repulsive the universe will expand
永远 forever
越来越快 faster and faster and faster
失控的宇宙 a runaway universe
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宇宙能量的百分比 percent of the energy of the universe
居住在一个空旷的地方 我们 resides an empty space and we
明白为什么 understand why
但我们知道会发生什么 but we do know what will happen
如果能量继续存在 if that energy continues to be there the
宇宙变得寒冷和黑暗 universe has become cold and dark and
空的 empty
这就是未来 就像我们一样 that's the future as it might be we
不知道 因为我们还没有 don't know because we don't yet
了解暗能量的本质 understand the nature of dark energy
除非我们知道 否则我们不知道未来 until we do we won't know the future we
甚至不了解我们自己 won't even understand the our own
这就是为什么我们想知道 origins and that's why we want to know
研究这个课题 and study this subject
[音乐] [Music]
预测似乎是为了 forecast does seem to be for
在空虚的宇宙中更冷 colder at the empty universe
但是我们当然得问一下 but then of course we have to ask could
这一结果带来了新的开始 that end lead to a new beginning
还有一些想法 and there are ideas whereby what
实际上是我们宇宙的终结 actually is the end of our universe
从某种意义上说 可以打到 could in some sense beating into the
新的开始 beginning of a new one
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我们已经计算出了 we've worked out the mathematics the
方程式 他们似乎说如果你 equations they seem to say that if you
有一个可以 have an atom smasher that can
集中巨大的能量 concentrate tremendous amounts of energy
在某一点上你也许可以打开 at a single point you can perhaps open
一个婴儿世界 up a gateway a baby universe
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面对死亡的一切 facing the death of everything there is
这也许是他们唯一的可能 this perhaps is their only possibility
这也引发了 of escape and this also raises a very
有趣的可能性纯粹是猜测 intriguing possibility sheer speculation
当然 也许任何一个宇宙 of course that perhaps any universe that
有智慧的生命在其中会创造 has intelligent life in it will create
小宇宙将创造救生艇和 baby universes will create lifeboats and
普及儿童 proliferate child universals
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所以进化可能会付出代价 so an evolution may pay
在多元宇宙中 in the multiverse survival of the
适者生存 所以 fittest may take place so those
没有智慧的宇宙 universes which do not have intelligent
生活是不孕的 life are infertile
除了那些宇宙没有孩子 have no children but those universes
温度温和的星星 that have mild temperatures stars like
我们将创造能够 us would create civilizations that could
打开儿童世界 他们会 open up child universes and they would
然后扩散 then proliferate
[音乐] [Music]
在一段无法想象的时间之后 after an unimaginable length of time
即使是黑洞也会 even the black holes will have
蒸发了 宇宙就会 evaporated and the universe will be
只是一片光子的海洋 nothing but a sea of photons gradually
倾向于与…相同的温度 tending towards the same temperature as
宇宙的膨胀使它们变冷 the expansion of the universe cools them
接近绝对零度 towards absolute zero
[音乐] [Music]
曾经的最后残存 once the very last remnants of the very
最后一颗星最后消失 last stars and finally decayed away to
一切都一样 nothing but everything reaches the same
温度宇宙的故事 temperature the story of the universe
终于结束了 finally comes to an end
在它的生命中第一次 for the first time in its life the
宇宙将是永恒的 universe will be permanent and
不变的熵最终停止 unchanging entropy finally stops
因为宇宙不能 increasing because the cosmos cannot get
再有混乱 什么都没有发生 any more disordered nothing happens and
它不会永远发生 it keeps not happening forever